Cardan shafts, also known as universal drive shafts or propeller shafts, are essential mechanical components used to transmit torque between two points that are not in a straight line. Commonly found in industrial machinery, automotive systems, marine applications, and heavy equipment, these shafts enable smooth power transmission even when alignment varies during operation.
In this article, we’ll explore the main components of a Cardan shaft, illustrated with a technical schematic for clarity.
- Flange Yokes
Flange yokes are the connecting ends of the Cardan shaft that bolt onto the driving and driven machinery. These robust components are designed to handle high torque loads and are typically standardized to suit industry flanges (DIN, SAE, etc.).
- Purpose: Mechanical connection to gearboxes, motors, or axles
- Position: Located at both ends of the shaft
- Universal Joint (Cross & Bearing Assembly)
The heart of the Cardan shaft is the universal joint (U-joint), which allows for angular misalignment between the driving and driven ends. It consists of:
- Cross (Spider): The central cross-shaped element
- Bearing Bushings: Needle bearings housed in caps
- Snap Rings: To secure the bearing caps in place
This component enables torque transfer even when the shaft angle varies during operation — a critical feature in mobile and industrial applications.
- Sleeve and Shaft Assembly (Spline Shaft & Spline Sleeve)
Cardan shafts often require telescopic adjustment to compensate for movement between connected machines or changes in shaft length.
- Spline Shaft: The male grooved shaft that slides inside the sleeve
- Spline Sleeve (Tube): The matching female component that allows axial movement
- Dust Covers & Grease Seals: Protect internal sliding parts and retain lubrication
- Intermediate Tube
The central tube connects the two yokes and transmits torque through the shaft. It is typically made of high-strength steel or composite materials (in modern lightweight designs).
- Design Variants: Seamless tubes, welded assemblies, or custom lengths
- Balancing: Precision-balanced to reduce vibration during rotation
- Bearing Rings and Lock Rings
These smaller components are essential to secure the needle bearings and maintain the correct alignment of the U-joint cross.
- Inner Rings: Press-fitted onto the spider arms
- Outer Snap Rings: Hold the bearing caps in place
- Seals & Dust Caps
Seals and caps help to keep contaminants out and lubricants in. They significantly extend the operational life of the shaft by protecting the moving joints from wear and tear.
Why Understanding the Components Matters
A solid understanding of each Cardan shaft component not only helps in proper maintenance and repair but also assists in selecting the right shaft for your application. Whether it’s for heavy-duty steel mills, marine propulsion, off-road vehicles, or cement plants, each component must be chosen and assembled with care to ensure reliable performance.
🔍 Need Help Choosing the Right Cardan Shaft?
At METAL Mobility Drive Systems, we specialize in customized drive shaft solutions for diverse industries including marine, mining, cement, power generation, and transport. Our technical experts are here to help you select, assemble, and maintain the right shaft for your application.
Our experts can help:
📧 Email: sales@statusmobility.com
📞 Phone/WhatsApp: +971-585730206
📍 Serving all key industrial hubs in the Middle East, Africa and South Asia